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Posted yesterday at 5:41pm
Photodisc/Thinkstock(NEW YORK) -- Something as old as mankind itself is helping to keep preterm babies alive — the lullaby.
Research finds that music has become an important new ally for babies who are born too soon and struggle to breathe and eat.
The neonatal intensive care unit in a hospital is filled with technology that helps keep the hospital's tiniest, most fragile patients alive. At New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell – and others across the country – the relentless beeping of monitors fades when the music takes over. The effect on preemies is dramatic and physical.
Studies conducted by Dr. Jeffery Perlman, chief of newborn medicine at New York-Presbyterian, Komansky Center for Children's Health, find that gentle music therapy not only slows down the heart rate of preemies but also helps them feed and sleep better. This helps them gain weight and speeds their recovery.
A study published in May in the Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics, under the aegis of the Beth Israel Medical Center in New York City, found that the type of music matters. Therapeutically designed "live" music -- and parent-preferred lullabies sung in person -- can influence cardiac and respiratory function. They also found that the melodies improved feeding behaviors and may increase prolonged periods of quiet-alert states among premature babies.
Another study published in February 2011 in the Arts in Psychotherapy by Jayne M. Standley of the National Institute for Infant and Child Medical Music Therapy at Florida State University suggests that babies who receive this kind of therapy leave the hospital sooner.
"When they hear something that is very soothing, they adapt to it," Perlman said.
For these tiny babies, music is medicine.
A pair of twins, Jessica and Joshua, were born three months premature. Their dad has been trained by a professional music therapist at the Komansky Center, and now sings to the babies in their NICU cribs in his native Turkish. And he says he has proof that it's working.
"I watched their heart rate," their father said. "You can really watch it go down, 165, 160, 155, 152. It's an amazing feeling."
Jessica Fernald's daughter Hazel was born eight weeks early. "You know babies like lullabies," Fernald said. "But you don't realize how important it is in their healing."
At Komansky, Rebecca Loveszy is the music therapist who sings to preemies such as Jadion, born with a heart defect.
The effects of the music therapy appear to last – lullabies echoing inside the intensive care unit often become the children's favorite songs and soothe them even after they leave the hospital.
Rachel Fitzsimons' son William – now a year old – spent 12 weeks in intensive care, and has taken a liking to the tune he listened to during his time there.
"I would sing 'Rock-a-Bye-Baby,'" said Fitzsimons. "It's the one he still responds to the most."
In an intensive care unit bristling with technology, this new field reminds us that medicine doesn't always come from a new drug or surgery – sometimes it's as simple as parents connecting to their children with an age-old source of comfort: a gentle tune.
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Copyright 2013 ABC News Radio
Posted yesterday at 3:58pm
British author Virginia Woolf. (Hulton Archive/Getty Images)(NEW YORK) -- Vice, an online magazine known for its provocative take on the world, just unpublished a fashion photo spread called "Last Words," which had images of models reenacting some of literature's most famous suicides.
The portraits, which appeared online Monday, drew sharp condemnation from suicide prevention experts and feminists as "sick, sick stuff" for glorifying death scenes while attempting to sell designer clothing.
The magazine editors apologized "to anyone who was hurt or offended."
The edgy, youth-oriented site included the photo spread in its 2013 Fiction Issue, one devoted to female writers, photographers, illustrators, painters, and other contributors. It featured Virginia Woolf, Dorothy Parker (who only attempted suicide), Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Sylvia Plath, novelist Sanmao and beat poet Elise Cowen.
The model portraying Plath kneels before a gas oven; Woolf wades into the water; Sanmao uses her tights to hang herself.
The images include cause and date of death, as well as captions for what each model is wearing: "Issa dress, Morgenthal Frederics glasses, Jenni Kayne shoes."
Vice editors, in a statement given to ABC News on Tuesday, said that their fashion spreads are "always unconventional and approached with an art editorial point-of-view rather than a typical fashion photo-editorial one."
"Our main goal is to create artful images, with the fashion message following, rather than leading. 'Last Words' was created in this tradition and focused on the demise of a set of writers whose lives we very much wish weren't cut tragically short, especially at their own hands," they said.
Michael Peck, a forensic psychologist from Los Angeles who spent years working in suicide prevention, told ABC News that the glamorization of suicide can "make the vulnerable more vulnerable."
He suggested the photo spread was a "ludicrous depiction of a serious subject and what it does is dull the sensitivity of people to a serious subject."
"Kids see enough shooting movies so that eventually things like Columbine are like, 'Yeah, OK.' They see this horror on TV and in the movies for years and years and killing people is just another thing," he said. "The media tends to make suicide that way."
When a prominent celebrity takes his or her life, those who are "on the brink of struggling" can be pushed to suicidal behavior, according to Peck.
Copyright 2013 ABC News Radio
Posted yesterday at 3:26pm
Ingram Publishing/Thinkstock(NEW YORK) -- The tiny airline that drew international attention for its pay-what-you-weigh policy is making accommodations for passengers of a larger size, introducing XL Class.
Samoa Air chief executive Chris Langton told Australia News Network’s Pacific Beat radio program the company has modified one of the rows in the aircraft and added a ramp for easier access for passengers who weigh more than 130 kilograms, or about 285 pounds.
“Once you’re up around that sort of [weight] … a traditional seat on any airline is going to be uncomfortable,” he said. The row has been extended 12 to 14 inches and will debut this week.
Langton said he expects more airlines to make modifications based on the size and weight of passengers.
“That’s where the XL has come in — we do it with shirts and clothing and other things where we have different standard sizes,” he said.
Samoa Air did not respond to ABC News’ request for comment.
Samoa Air introduced the idea of a pay-by-weight fare system in April.
“You are the master of your Air’fair’, you decide how much (or little) your ticket will cost,” the website read at the time.
Copyright 2013 ABC News Radio
Posted yesterday at 2:30pm
iStockPhoto/Thinkstock(NEW YORK) -- Many who oppose high levels of Latino immigration argue that they don't assimilate fast enough because they have failed to learn English like prior waves of immigrants did.
However, a new series of studies reveal a different picture. Latinos are doing pretty well at learning English, especially when compared to many German immigrants of the 19th century, who were considerably slower to acquire the language.
The research, conducted by Joseph Salmons of the University of Wisconsin-Madison and Miranda E. Wilkerson of Columbia College, indicates that a significant portion of second and third-generation descendants of immigrants in Wisconsin did not learn English, and spoke only German. The difference doesn't quite have to do with geographical isolation or lack of educational resources. It seems in such communities there was not as much of a cultural emphasis or need placed on learning English.
Today, 92 percent of the Latino second generation (children of immigrants) speak English "very well," and by the third generation nearly one hundred percent of Latinos are either English dominant or fully bilingual, according to a Pew study from last year.
In the late nineteenth century, in contrast, more than a third of all residents of Wisconsin were native German speakers, and in some counties, like Hustisford, Wisconsin, 35 percent of American-born (second generation) immigrants spoke only German.
Salmons says there are no Latino communities in the U.S. that mimic these patterns.
"I challenge anybody to show me a third generation person in this country who speaks Spanish and no English, whereas we can find in the Census records, we can find those people in German speaking communities," said Joseph Salmons, who studies language acquisition in immigrant communities. "Find me a place where you have a third of the community speaking only Spanish, and over half of them are born in the U.S. I don't believe it, and I don't know of any evidence to suggest as much."
Their findings are based on an analysis of Census data from 1910 as well as more qualitative research of community records.
Much like today, many in the 19th and early 20th centuries feared that immigrants would threaten the prosperity of the nation as a whole. Even founding father Benjamin Franklin wrote in 1753:
"Few of their children in the country learn English...The signs in our streets have inscriptions in both languages...Unless the stream of their importation could be turned they will soon so outnumber us that all the advantages we have will not be able to preserve our language, and even our government will become precarious."
But turns out, we were alright and today, more Americans say their ancestry traces back to Germany than to any other foreign nation.
Salmons believes looking at history is a good way to shape how we think about the present immigration debate.
"In a country like ours where immigration has been going on for hundreds of years, the rhetoric has remained almost the same for those hundreds of years," Salmons said. "It's really useful for people to consider the history, even their own family's history, and their own community's history as they consider the current debate."
Copyright 2013 ABC News Radio
Posted yesterday at 10:43am
ABC News(NEW YORK) -- It’s the documentary that audiences and film critics are eating up.
In a covert six-month mission to expose the inside world of school lunches, 11-year-old Zachary Maxwell made Yuck: A 4th Grader’s Documentary About School Lunch when he was a fourth-grader at a New York City public school.
Armed with hidden cameras, the precocious filmmaker went undercover to document dozens of lunches he was served at school.
During Zachary’s investigation, he compared descriptions of lunch items on the school-provided menu with secretly recorded video of what he was actually being served.
“It sounded like it was coming from the finest restaurant, but what we were actually getting served, it wasn’t too good,” Zachary told ABC News.
His 19-minute movie has already been featured at film festivals this year, and will be shown in the Manhattan Film Festival June 21, something the now fifth-grader is quite proud of.
“I think it’s a lot cooler than just watching it on a little TV screen,” Zachary said on ABC’s Good Morning America in response to how it feels having his documentary become so successful. “And also watching with an audience on a big screen is really cool. Because when they laugh when they’re supposed to laugh, it’s the best feeling ever.”
The New York City Department of Education visited Zachary’s school after his film began circulating and says officials, “Provide students with healthy and delicious school meals that are low in fat, sodium and calories and we currently have more than 1,000 salad bars in our schools to provide more healthful options to students.”
Zachary’s father, CJ Maxwell, who helped the budding filmmaker put this documentary together, says he couldn’t be prouder of his son, a student at Public School 130 in the Little Italy section of Manhattan.
“I think that he showed a lot of little spunk and spirit and we encouraged him to keep at it,” Maxwell said.
Zachary admits while he was working on his undercover documentary, he was worried he’d get in trouble.
“Every day I was nervous I’d get in trouble, or worse, get suspended,” he said.
But that hasn’t stopped Zachary from continuing his behind-the-camera efforts. He’s now working on a personal project about his fifth-grade class, he says, “Because we’re all going to middle school our separate ways, so we have the memory of each other.”
After he gets to middle school, Zachary said, he also has future plans for a documentary about “adolescence, puberty, and what middle school girls think about guys with braces.”
“When I grow up,” he said, laughing, “I want to be a big-shot filmmaker.”

Copyright 2013 ABC News Radio
Posted yesterday at 10:28am
iStockphoto/Thinkstock(NEW YORK) -- No matter if you’ve buckled down for the ultimate beach body or just plan to sip piña coladas poolside, the key ingredient for summer is sun. But it’s no secret that too much of a good thing can have troubling consequences and the sun is no exception.
UVA and UVB rays can increase your risk of skin cancer, skin aging and lead to wrinkling of your body’s largest and most visible organ. Protection from the sun can be a life or death decision. With annual diagnosis rates topping 2 million, skin cancer has fast become the leading form of cancer in the U.S.
Typically, saving your skin means layering on the lotion or spray and hoping you haven’t missed that tricky spot. But what if you could protect your entire skin by eating your sunscreen?
Tanya Zucherbrot, registered dietitian, nutrition news contributor and the creator of F-Factor Diet isn’t advising that you gulp down a swallow of SPF 30, but she does suggest that certain foods can provide natural protection from those harmful UV rays.
Zucherbrot proposes that eating certain foods containing antioxidants, will help to fight free radical damage caused by the sun.
So what’s the best snacks to save your skin?
Zucherbrot recommends that you stick to the summer favorites. Blueberries, strawberries, watermelon, apples and tomatoes are all high in antioxidants that help skin stay radiant and resistant to damage. Even cooked tomatoes can have healthy benefits for your skin.
Looking for a cocktail to cool you off? Studies show that swapping the margarita for a glass of red wine can help your skin fight off the sun’s effects.
Best of all, you don’t have to cut out the sweets. A recent study in the Journal of Nutrition found that people who ate a moderate amount of chocolate had less sun damage than those who didn’t. Zucherbrot says that an ounce of dark chocolate can contain enough of the anitoxidant polyphenol to help prevent sun damage and improve skin elasticity.
By harnessing the protecting power in these foods you can help your skin avoid the sting of a summer burn.
But what if you forgot to eat your tomatoes and instead wind up looking like one? Don’t panic! There is a food for that too. Zucherbrot recommends eating foods rich in vitamins C and E to help reduce swelling associated with sunburns. Additionally, papaya is excellent for reducing inflammation caused by burns because of its vitamin intake. Foods such as avocadoes, peanut butter and ground flax seeds are all rich in Vitamin E which helps soothe your sore skin.
Copyright 2013 ABC News Radio
Posted yesterday at 8:34am
iStockphoto/Thinkstock(NEW YORK) -- More Americans are kicking the smoking habit, a new government report finds.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says just 18 percent of U.S. adults called themselves smokers last year, a drop from the past decade.
"Back in 1997, 25 percent of adults smoked. This year, in 2012, it's down to 18 percent; a pretty dramatic drop. The exciting thing about that is that the rates for smoking had leveled off to about 20 percent. And it held there through the mid-2000s," says ABC News' Chief Health and Medical Editor Dr. Richard Besser.
The decrease may be attributed to the growing number of smoking bans in restaurants, bars and parks, and the graphic ad campaign the CDC launched last year called "Tips from Former Smokers."
When broken down specifically, the figures show that men still smoke at a higher rate than women -- 20 percent versus 16 percent.
"If you break it down by race and ethnicity, there are differences as well," says Besser. "Smoking among Hispanic adults is 12 percent. Non-Hispanic white adults is at 20 and a-half percent. And non-Hispanic blacks is at 18 percent."
Copyright 2013 ABC News Radio
Posted yesterday at 8:01am
Jon SooHoo/LA Dodgers via Getty Images(NEW YORK) -- Britney Spears turned heads when she appeared on the June cover of Shape magazine in a white bikini, showing off a toned physique. So how did the 31-year-old mother of two get that fit body?
Meet her secret weapon: trainer Tony Martinez. Martinez's star-studded client list includes Spears, Pink, Janet Jackson and many others. He now reveals the tricks to toning those famous muscles.
"I do compound movements...two exercises at the same time," he tells ABC News.
ABC News' Abbie Boudreau got a private workout with Martinez and tried out the hardcore routine he does with Spears. It includes a mix of exercises from such sports as basketball and football, treadmill exercises and ab workouts.
"I just want to make it fun," Martinez says.
To get a body like Spears', he says you need to follow the "four B's": basketball jump shot against the wall 20 times; backward interval walking on a treadmill at 2 mph for 1 minute, then walk forward for 1 min; balance on one leg, then with one arm doing medicine ball slams; bicycle and rotate on the floor mat 20 times to get Spears' abs.
Every exercise is 20 seconds long with a 10-second rest in between. Martinez suggests doing three to four sets of each exercise. Some of the exercises use CoreDiscs, which are a part of Tony's TravelFit product line.
1. CoreDisc side lunge while dribbling basketball, then jump shot
The lunge works the inner thighs and core, and the jump shot simultaneously works legs. This is one of Spears’ favorite movements.
2. CoreDisc lateral slide with football toss
This works the core, legs, chest and shoulders.
3. Softball swing squat
This works the legs and core.
4. Band push-pull (lateral row)
This works the back and is cardio.
5. Flamingo
This works on chest, core and balance.
6. CoreDisc circles left/right and alternate front raise
This one works on core, shoulders and triceps.
Copyright 2013 ABC News Radio
Posted yesterday at 5:31am
iStockphoto/Thinkstock(NEW YORK) -- At least nine million people a year in the U.S. suffer from a foodborne illness caused by a major pathogen, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
"It's the worst during the warmer months, when there are more outdoor gatherings and people tend to leave food out and practice unsafe food handling techniques," said Scott Becker, the executive director of Association of Public Health Laboratories, a nonprofit organization that helps prevent and track foodborne illnesses.
There are ways to prevent getting sick from the foods you eat. Read on to learn what you can do to protect you and your family from foodborne illnesses this summer.
EGGS
The Problem: The Food and Drug Administration reports that more than 140,000 Americans are infected each year with the salmonella bacteria from eating eggs. Approximately 30 die. Often the shell is contaminated by animal waste or some other environmental source. Becker said that if the eggs aren't treated properly at the site where they are produced, the contamination is transferred to your kitchen.
Safety Tips: Becker advised consumers to avoid eating raw eggs and to cook all eggs thoroughly before eating. It's also important to wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling either the shells or liquid parts of an egg, as well as all surfaces the egg has touched.
VEGGIES
The Problem: Leafy green vegetables are the number one source of food related illness, according to CDC statistics, and sprouts are another major culprit. Vanessa Coffman, education manager for STOP Foodborne Illness, said vegetables are a major source of salmonella, E. coli and other bacterial infections because they are grown in fields, often directly in the soil, where they can be exposed to pollution, animal feces and countless other forms of contamination. Also, since many vegetables are eaten raw, pathogens may survive even after a thorough washing.
Safety Tips: Coffman said the best way to protect yourself from dirty veggies is to wash them thoroughly and cook them whenever possible. "Keep meat and vegetables separate from one another and use a separate cutting board for each," she advised.
FRUIT
The Problem: Last year, more than half a million cantaloupes were recalled by the FDA. The agency said it was acting in "an abundance of caution" after it was discovered that some consumers had eaten fruit that had tested positive for salmonella. Fruit of all kinds are generally high up on the agency's recall list. Becker said that part of the problem is that one farm may send out contaminated produce all across the country, so outbreaks become widespread very quickly. Consumers don't always wash fruit before eating and although cooking would render it safer to eat, most people eat it raw.
Safety Tips: Coffman said that even a fruit with an outer rind, such as a cantaloupe or an orange, should be washed before slicing to avoid dragging pathogens across the entire length of the fruit. Even produce that comes with a "prewashed" sticker should be washed carefully anyway.
FISH
The Problem: As healthy a food as fish is, it's frequently pulled off grocery shelves due to safety concerns. One common reason, said Coffman, is vibrio contamination, a pathogen related to the bacteria that cause cholera. Vibrio is found in higher concentrations when water gets warmer, so outbreaks are more common in the summer months. Fish can also be recalled due to high mercury concentrations. Just last month, the Texas Department of State Health Services, warned against eating fish caught off the coast of the Lone Star State due to unusually high levels of mercury. If consumed on a regular basis, mercury can cause harm to the central nervous system.
Safety Tips: Pregnant women, children and people with compromised immune systems should limit their consumption of fish suspected of high mercury levels and all raw fish, including what's found in sushi. Coffman said that all fish and seafood should be cooked to an internal temperature of at least 145 degrees Fahrenheit.
MEAT
The Problem: In April of this year alone, nearly 500,000 pounds of adulterated meat was recalled by the United States Department of Agriculture. The meat in question was thought to be contaminated with the listeria bacteria, a pathogen that kills one in five people it infects. E. coli, salmonella and parasites are also routine meat and poultry contaminants, according to the USDA's own Inspector General reports, as are antibiotic resistant drugs and pesticides.
Safety Tips: Becker stressed how important it is to refrigerate meat to 40 degrees or below until right before cooking it. "That includes outdoor picnics and barbeques," he said. "Bring a cooler and keep it chilled until ready for use." Coffman advised using separate cutting boards for meat and washing hands and surfaces with warm soapy water for at least 20 seconds after handling. Proper cooking is also essential to kill as many bacteria as possible. Burgers should be cooked to an internal temperature of 160 degrees; cuts of meat, poultry and all leftovers to 165 degrees.
NUTS AND SEEDS
The problem: This week, a Michigan company recalled its packaged sunflower seeds and all products containing the seeds that were distributed in nine states over a suspected listeria contamination. More commonly, the culprit in nuts and seeds is salmonella. If something goes amiss during the roasting process, the pathogen survives and infected nuts can find their way into grocery baskets.
Safety Tips: Whenever possible, eat roasted versus raw nuts. The best way to protect yourself from accidentally consuming contaminated nuts, Becker advised, is to check for recall updates on the government's Food Safety website. You can also sign up for recall email alerts on the Stop Foodborne Illness website or Facebook page.
PET FOOD
The Problem: Dog food recalls for salmonella outbreaks are fairly common. Ditto for cat food. An animal that has eaten some bad food will usually experience diarrhea and dehydration. Most will live through it, though youngsters, seniors and pets that are already ill may not. Contamination also poses a high a risk to owners who may be sickened after handling tainted food.
Safety Tips: Since your furry friend can't speak up to describe his symptoms, be sure to stay up to date on all recalls. These are listed on the FDA website. If you find your pet's food on the recall list, stop using it immediately. Check with the company's website to learn about disposal methods and compensation.
Copyright 2013 ABC News Radio
Posted yesterday at 5:05am
iStockphoto/Thinkstock(TALLAHASSEE, Fla.) -- Florida health officials are urging swimmers to steer clear of stagnant water, which could be home to millions of microscopic killers.
Naegleria fowleri, an amoeba invisible to the naked eye, loves to lurk in warm, standing water, according to a warning released by the Florida Department of Health. And while it’s usually harmless, it can cause a fatal brain infection if inhaled through the nose.
“Wear nose clips, hold your nose shut or keep your head out of the water when swimming, jumping or diving in any freshwater,” the department said in a health alert. “Closing your nostrils may reduce your chance of becoming infected.”
While exceedingly rare, Naegleria fowleri infections are almost always fatal. Only one person out of 128 infected in the United States between 1962 and 2012 has survived, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
“After the start of symptoms, the disease progresses rapidly and usually causes death within about five days,” the agency’s website reads.
Early symptoms include a severe frontal headache, fever, nausea and vomiting, according to the CDC. But those can swiftly give way to a stiff neck, seizures, confusion and hallucinations, as the amoeba makes its way up through the nasal cavity to the brain.
Naegleria was eyed in the death of a Minnesota child last summer, when the state experienced a heat wave. And in the summer of 2011, the amoeba killed four people in Florida, Kansas, Louisiana and Virginia, all of whom had been swimming in freshwater lakes.
Copyright 2013 ABC News Radio
Posted Monday night
Comstock/Thinkstock(DUBLIN) -- New research published in obstetrics and gynecology journal BJOG carries words of caution for the youngest and the oldest expectant moms. Researchers at the University of Dublin studied almost 40,000 births among first-time mothers and found that babies born to teenagers have a higher risk of premature birth; babies born to women in their 40s have the highest risk of Cesarean sections and birth defects. Additionally, the researchers found that Cesarean section delivery rates went up with age. About one in 10 first-time moms under age 18 delivered by Cesarean. But 54.4 percent of first-time mothers age 40 and older had C-sections. The method of delivery had no effect on birth outcomes in first-time moms in their 20s and 30s, who make up about 75 percent of first-time births, despite the Cesarean rate being twice as high in older mothers. The study's authors say this suggests C-sections could be much reduced in that group without risking the mothers' health or that of their babies. Today, one in three U.S. babies is delivered by Cesarean section, up 53 percent over the last 15 years. But the study authors say efforts to encourage more vaginal deliveries for women in their 20s and 30s could impact the figures dramatically.
Copyright 2013 ABC News Radio
Posted Monday evening
The Murnaghan Family(PHILADELPHIA) -- Sarah Murnaghan, the 10-year-old girl whose family successfully sued to make her more likely to get a pair of adult lungs, may have gotten a boost from public attention before her lung transplant last week, but now that it's over, some of that attention has turned negative.
On Friday, June 14, Sarah's mother, Janet Murnaghan, posted a list of "facts" about lung transplants to her Facebook page, explaining that she'd seen a lot of misinformation "out there" and wanted to clarify a few things.
Murnaghan then said her Facebook page was for supporters only, and she didn't want to be tagged in anything in which people might speak negatively about her in the comments section.
On Sunday night, the "Save Sarah Murnaghan" Facebook page moderator addressed even more negative comments. The Murnaghan family spokeswoman said she did not know who created the page.
"I CANT BELIEVE SOME OF THE NEG COMMENTS," the moderator wrote. "Rude !!! rude !! rude !!!...please don't make neg comments ... this page is to encourage!!"
Federal Judge Michael Baylson drew criticism from the medical and bioethics communities for his June 5 decision to grant a temporary restraining order against Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius to prevent her from enforcing the so-called Under 12 Rule for Sarah.
"I think we can all sympathize with the plight of a young girl, but maybe a 13-year-old girl waiting for an adult organ is the one who didn't get a transplant," said Dr. Sander Florman, who directs the Mount Sinai Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute in New York and hasn't treated Sarah. "I think it sets a very dangerous precedent to have a court deciding medical necessities and allocation even if the rules aren't right."
Some commenters on ABC News called for Sebelius to be "tarred and feathered" for initially refusing to make an exception for Sarah, while others passionately argued that Sarah's new lungs would have better served an adult.
The ruling -- and eventual transplant -- also prompted editorials in the Philly Post of Philadelphia Magazine, the Chicago Tribune and others in which writers argued that they hoped Sarah's court battle wouldn't encourage others to seek legal action to trump medical guidelines. The Philadelphia Magazine editorial was titled "Maybe Sarah Murnaghan Shouldn't Get a Lung Transplant."
Sarah's June 12 lung transplant from an adult donor was the 11th of its kind since 1987. The last transplant from a donor older than 18 to a child younger than 12 took place a few months ago, according to an Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network spokeswoman. The one before that happened in 2006, when the Under 12 Rule was new.
Murnaghan updated her Facebook page to say that Sarah's recovery was difficult but she was slowly improving. Sarah was still "fully sedated and critical" Sunday night but made positive "baby steps" by Monday morning.
As Murnaghan addressed negative commenters on Facebook Friday night, she wrote that the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network ultimately "agreed" with her family "and has changed their policy for ALL kids so that children like Sarah can get on the over-12 list if their doctors deem it appropriate medically."
OPTN actually voted to keep the Under 12 Rule but added a part that allows for occasional exceptions. These children have to be recommended by their doctors and then have their cases reviewed by a national board before they can actually be exempted from the Under 12 Rule.
Here's how the Under 12 Rule -- which is more like a series of rules -- actually works.
Lung transplant candidates older than 12 are assigned a lung allocation score, or LAS, based on a complex mathematical formula that includes the patient's age and size. For transplant patients younger than 12 -- of which there are 20 nationally compared with about 1,600 adults -- the LAS is not used. Instead, patients are broken into "priority 1" and "priority 2." It's this difference that has been called discriminatory in court.
"If you are under 12 it is the amount of time you have waited that matters," Murnaghan wrote in her clarification post. "So if you are dying and have been on the list one hour you will NOT get the lungs."
This is not 100-percent true. Although time on the list is considered, an OPTN spokeswoman told ABC News that it's not the only thing that matters. Instead, lungs are allocated to the 20 children under 12 on the list by medical urgency, blood type and time on the list.
Children get priority for lungs donated from children younger than 12, but they have to wait for children between 12 and 17 to decline lungs donated from 12- to 17-year-olds before they get a chance at them. Lungs donated by anyone older than 18 are offered to all candidates older than 12, depending on their LAS. Only if all local matching candidates 12 and older decline the adult lungs can they be offered to children within 500 miles of the hospital where the lungs were harvested.
Copyright 2013 ABC News Radio
Posted Monday afternoon
iStockphoto/Thinkstock(NEW YORK) -- A New York City Fire Department dispatcher stayed on the phone with a patient in need of help for eight hours as authorities rushed to locate her.
A 911 call came into the system at 12:53 p.m. on June 10 and it appeared to be a person who was experiencing a “medical crisis,” according to FDNY spokesman James Long.
“The person who was experiencing this medical crisis was not at their home and was unable to talk to us and tell us where she was and what was really going on with her,” Long told ABC News.
Authorities now believe the woman suffered a stroke.
The woman worked as a housekeeper so she was not at her own home, making it difficult to find her.
“The EMT, whose title is emergency medical dispatch, stayed on the line for approximately eight hours while a group of people and agencies assisted in trying to locate this person,” Long said.
The dispatcher has since been identified as Joann Hilman-Payne.
“Her role on the line was to reassure and try to seek out information and try to keep the person as calm as can be [by telling her] that help was on the way,” he said.
The NYPD worked with the phone company to locate the woman and authorities went to several different addresses before they found her.
“[The dispatcher] did take a break here and there and come back but she did the lion share of the phone call,” Long said. “It was a good job by the EMT.”
The department has been petitioned for Hilman-Payne to receive some sort of special recognition for her work, and Long said the petition will be taken under advisement.
Copyright 2013 ABC News Radio
Posted Monday afternoon
File photo. iStockphoto/Thinkstock(NEW YORK) -- Against all medical odds, a 20-year-old man attempting to get into his locked apartment from a balcony above plunged from a 15-story apartment building in New Zealand and survived.
An American emergency room doctor said the chances of living through a fall from that height are about 100 to 1.
The man, identified by the New Zealand Herald as Tom Stilwell, a British man in Auckland on a "working holiday," returned home after a night out with friends and found he did not have a key to get into his locked apartment. Stilwell tried to jump down to his balcony from the balcony of the apartment above, but instead plummeted to the roof of a building below.
Stilwell's story astounded his doctors in New Zealand as well as in the United States.
"It made me wonder what the roof looked like that he fell on," said Dr. Nicholas Kman, associate professor of emergency medicine at The Ohio State University Medical Center.
"It's pretty abnormal for someone to fall that far and survive," Kman said. "For every fall like that, the odds of living are very rare."
Doctors use a formula called "lethal doses" to determine the likelihood of death in a fall. At four stories, or about 48 feet above the ground, half will survive. But at seven stories or 84 feet, only 10 percent are expected to live -- that is, 90 percent will die, according to Kman.
According to local reports, Stillwell fell 13 stories. At first, he was in critical condition at Auckland City Hospital, but was later upgraded to satisfactory with neck and back fractures, a broken wrist and suspected internal injuries.
ABC News reached out to the hospital, but its public affairs office was closed because of the time zone difference.
Stilwell's upstairs neighbor, Geraldine Bautista, 28, told the Herald that he knocked on her door on the 15th floor of the Volt Apartment building at about 2 a.m., asking if he could jump off her balcony onto his to get into his own apartment.
According to the Herald, he went straight to the balcony and Bautista grabbed his hand, but he fell.
"It happened so fast," she told the newspaper. "It happened within seconds. I couldn't even scream for help. He was like a paper falling from here."
Friends said that Stilwell had "a fair bit to drink" before the incident, according to the Herald.
Doctors say that although there is no evidence that alcohol softens the blow to the body, they have heard that anecdotally about car accident victims.
"There is no science behind that," Kman said. "Most doctors are reluctant to say it happens. But in my experience in trauma, it does seem to be something that happens. But that is likely from a fall."
A person's age, the height of the fall, the nature of the surface hit and the body part that first touches the ground are all factors in the severity of the injuries and the prognosis for recovery.
"If you fall out of a tree and hit a bunch of branches, it may slow the fall," he said. "Landing on grass is better than cement."
Head injuries have the lowest survival rate, according to Kman.
Other dangerous injuries occur when a person lands feet first.
"The heel hits and transmits the force up the back," he said. "When someone jumps off a parking garage or building they break their heel bones and then the lower spine. When they break the feet, we always X-ray the back, because that's a common injury."
Sometimes, paralysis can occur if there is a spinal cord injury.
Emergency room doctors see most fall victims during the summer months, and they are usually window cleaners working on scaffolding and roofers.
Falls are most common among the elderly, the second cause of unintended death for trauma behind motor vehicle accidents, according to Kman.
"Young healthy kids have better outcomes than the elderly," he said.
In the animal world, cats fare much better than humans.
Last year, Sugar the cat, fell out of a 19-story apartment building in Boston and survived, probably because she landed on a pile of mulch. The local animal rescue league reported that after the fall, the cat ran back into the apartment building.
The reason, say veterinary researchers is that cats have a larger surface area for their weight as they fall with legs extended, which gives them a lower terminal velocity -- about 60 mph, compared to an average-sized male at about 120 mph. When cats hit the ground, they have fewer injuries.
In physics, terminal velocity is the constant speed attained by a body while falling through a gas or liquid.
"Terminal velocity is something that plays into this," Kman said. "But people are not meant to fall off three-story buildings. And I have a feeling that you reach [terminal velocity] some point before 15 floors."
Copyright 2013 ABC News Radio
Posted Monday morning
iStockphoto/Thinkstock(NEW YORK) -- Three more people have contracted the deadly MERS coronavirus in Saudi Arabia, including a 2-year-old child who is clinging to life at an intensive care unit in the coastal city of Jeddah, Saudi health officials said Monday.
News of the infected child came three weeks after a Saudi teenager developed symptoms of the virus, which include fever, cough and shortness of breath.
Saudi Arabia has been hit hardest by the virus, with 49 cases and 32 deaths, according to the Kingdom’s Ministry of Health. Four of the deaths occurred over the weekend, according to the Ministry’s website.
The latest cases raise the tally of infections to 64 people in eight countries.
Copyright 2013 ABC News Radio
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